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Indian jackal
The Indian jackal (''Canis aureus indicus''), also known as the Himalayan jackal is a subspecies of golden jackal native to Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Burma and Nepal. Its karyotype is quite different (2N=78; NF=84) from that of its Eurasian and African counterparts (2N=80).〔 Lapini, L. (2003). "Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 1758)". In: Boitani L., Lovari S. and Vigna Taglianti A. (eds.) ''Fauna d’Italia''. Mammalia III. Carnivora-Artiodactyla, Calderini publ., Bologna, pp. 47–58〕
==Description==
Its fur is a mixture of black and white, with buff on the shoulders, ears and legs. The buff colour is more pronounced in specimens from high altitudes. Black hairs predominate on the middle of the back and tail. The belly, chest and the sides of the legs are creamy white, while the face and lower flanks are grizzled with grey fur.〔''Mammals of Nepal: (with reference to those of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Pakistan)'' by Tej Kumar Shrestha, published by Steven Simpson Books, 1997, ISBN 0-9524390-6-9〕 It is generally of a richer colour than the common jackal, the pale areas of the back being of a pale buff colour rather than whitish or silver.〔Pocock, R. I. (1941). (''Fauna of British India: Mammals Volume 2'' ). Taylor and Francis〕 Black specimens have been reported in Bengal.〔Jerdon, Thomas Claverhill (1867). ''The mammals of India: a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India'', Thomason college press〕 Adults are slightly larger than common jackals,〔 and grow to a length of 100 cm (39 in), 35–45 cm (14–18 in) in height and 8–11 kg (18–24 lb) in weight.〔
It typically inhabits lowlands on the outskirts of towns, villages and farms, where they shelter in holes among ruins or dense brush. Except during hot periods, the Indian jackal usually only leaves its den at dusk and retires at dawn. Though primarily a scavenger which subsists on garbage and offal, it will supplement its diet with rodents, reptiles, fruit and insects. It will form small packs when hunting small deer and antelopes.〔 Although it will occasionally kill poultry and young kids and lambs, it is largely harmless. When wild prey is scarce, it will usually take to eating vegetable matter, including maize and Jujube fruit. It is extremely harmful to the vineyards of western India, and eats large quantities of coffee beans in the Wayanad district.〔
Lone jackals expelled from their pack have been known to form commensal relationships with tigers. These solitary jackals are known as ''kol-bahl'',〔 ''bhálú'' in southern India, ''phéall'', ''phao'', ''pheeow'' or ''phnew'' in Bengal and ''ghog'' in other regions.〔 They will attach themselves to a particular tiger, trailing it at a safe distance in order to feed on the big cat's kills. A ''kol-bahl'' will even alert a tiger to a kill with a loud ''pheal''. Tigers have been known to tolerate these jackals: one report describes how a jackal confidently walked in and out between three tigers walking together a few feet away from each other.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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